This is a slick article with instructions for using mod_rewrite. I don't understand the concept or know if it's possible under most hosts, but maybe some of the experts here can translate it for us:
http://diveintomark.org/archives/2003/02/26/how_to_block_spambots_ban_spybots_and_tell_ unwanted_robots_to_go_to_hell
(split this address to allow line ending. After clicking on the link, you must paste the last part in the address window at the end)